HMS Endeavour
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The HMS Endeavour was also known as HM Bark Endeavour, she was a British Royal Navy research vessel commanded by Lieutenant James Cook on his first voyage of discovery. The first voyage took Lieutenant Cook to Australia and New Zealand in the years 1769 to 1771.
The HMS Endeavour started out as the collier Earl of Pembroke and was launched in 1764. She was acquired by the Navy in 1768 for a scientific mission to the Pacific Ocean, and to explore the seas for the surmised Terra Australis Incognita or "unknown southern land".
The collier Earl of Pembroke was renamed and commissioned His Majesty’s Bark The Endeavour. On her first voyage as the Endeavour which began in August of 1768 she departed Plymouth and went around Cape Horn. She continued on to Tahiti and arrived in time to view the transit of Venus across the Sun in 1769.
Continuing on her voyage to the uncharted ocean to the south she made stops at the Pacific islands of Borabora, Huahine and Raiatea which allowed Cook to claim them for Great Britain.
By September of 1769 as the first European ship to reach the islands of New Zealand since the Able Tasman’s Heemskerck did 127 years earlier. By April of 1770 the HMS Endeavour became the first ship to reach the east coast of Australia. Lieutenant Cook went ashore to what is now known as Botany Bay.
The Endeavour continued along the Australian coast until she ran aground on the Great Barrier Reef. She was beached for 7 weeks while some repairs were made to her hull. By October 1770 limping into Batavia of the Dutch East Indies for more permanent repairs her crew was sworn to secrecy about the lands they discovered. After her repairs were completed she continued on her voyage westward by December she made it around the Cape of Good Hope on the 13th of March 1771. By the 12th of July she reached the port of Dover after having been at sea for almost three full years.
The HMS Endeavour largely forgotten about after her epic voyage she spent the next three years carrying Navy stores to the Falklands. By 1775 she was renamed again and sold into private hands.
The ship returned to naval service for a short time during the American Revolutionary War ferrying troops. The ship was scuttled in the blockade of Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island in 1778. The wreck was never located but some of her relics are displayed in maritime museums around the world.
Today a replica of HMS Endeavour was launched in 1994 and is berthed alongside the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney Harbor.
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